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Human Rights Conditions in Somalia/Somaliland Region (Since 1996)
CONTENTS
- Sl cyberspace Human Rights archives
- Human Rights Documents
- Politics & Press
- Genocide (1988-1991)
Human Rights Documents
- Freedom House:Somaliland Human Rights Reports. -
2023 -
2022 -
2021 -
2020 -
2019 -
2018 -
2017
- Human Rights Center, Hargeisa, Somaliland (www.hrcsomaliland.org)
- Somaliland: Human Rights Centre releases 2022 Annual Report
March 28, 2023. 23 pages.
- Compliled Quarterly Report.
- 2023.
(19 pages)
- Annual Review of Human Rights Center
- 2022, (23 pages)
- State of Affairs-Annual Report of Human Rights
- 2021.
36 pages.
- Annual Review of Human Rights Center
- 2020 (21 pages)
- Imroving Access to Justice in Somaliland
2019. (20 pages).
- Human Rights Center Quarterly Report.
- Apr 2018. 21 pages.
- Annual Review of Human Rights center.
- 2018. (44 pages).
- First Quarterly Report 2017: The Situation of the Media in Somaliland. -
Apr 2017. (10 pages).
- Annual Review of Human Rights Centre Somaliland
- 2016. (56 pages).
- Somaliland Journalist Association (SOLJA) (https://soljaorg.com)
- Media Freedom Report 2023
- Feb 6, 2024. By: Abdishakur Mohamud. 4 pages.
- Descriptive Report on Media case (2022). -
June 12, 2023. By Abdishakur Mohamud. 12 pages.
- Commemoration of the International Day to End Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists.
- Nov 2, 2022. By: Abdishakur Mohamud.
- Terms of Reference for Institutional Audit Fy 2016-2017 for Solja. - May 28, 2017. By: Abdishakur Mohamud
- Human Rights Centre- Somalia-Somaliland Annual Human Rights: -
2021
-
2020 -
2018 -
2015
- US State Department: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices-Somalia: Somaliland Sections
2023 -
2022 -
Ma 18, 2022 -
2020 -
2019 -
2015 -
2016-2012 -
- Freedomhouse Human Rights-Somalia -
2023 -
2022 -
2021
-
2020
-
2019 -
2018 -
2017 -
- Amnesty International Somalia Reports:
2023-
2022-
2022-
2022 -
2021-
2020-
2018-
2016 -
(2014)
(2013)"
2012 -
2011 -
2010 -
2009 -
2008 -
Human Rights Articles-Somaliland
- Police occupy, close 2 television stations in Somaliland
Jul 1, 2020
- Somaliland police shut down Horn Cable TV, arrest its editor
Nov 19, 2019
- Somaliland authorities block HadhwanaagNews website, arrest 2 employees
Sept 18, 2019
- Somaliland police raid Horyaal 24 TV offices, arrest owner Mohamed Osman Mireh
Sept 9, 2019
- Somaliland police arrest Eryal TV journalists filming corruption story
Aug 14, 2019
- Authorities in Somaliland shut down 2 TV stations for 'threatening national security'
Jun 19, 2019
- Somaliland journalist injured during arrest, jailed without charge
May 17, 2019
- Somaliland court suspends newspaper for one year for publishing 'false news'
Feb 15, 2019
- Somaliland bans operations of privately owned newspaper
Jun 21, 2018
- Somaliland arrests journalists, bans TV stations
Jun 1, 2018
- CPJ calls on Somaliland's president to prioritize press freedom Feb 26, 2018
- Somaliland journalist detained without charge
Feb 21, 2018
- Somaliland journalists sentenced to two years in prison on propaganda charges
Jan 8, 2018
- Somaliland journalists detained, accused of "false news"
Dec 20, 2017
- Somaliland journalist detained without charge over false news claim
Dec 20, 2017
- Somaliland court jails journalist for 18 months
Oct 10, 2017
- Somaliland journalist detained on false news accusation
Sept 27, 2017
- TV journalist detained in Somaliland
July 10, 2017
- Somaliland journalist held without charge for asking question at press conference
Jun 1, 2017
- Somaliland journalist detained over critical coverage of police
Apr 14, 2017
- Somaliland attorney general pursues journalists acquitted of publishing false news
Jan 20, 2017
- Journalist held without charge in Somaliland
Sept 28, 2016
- Ethiopian police arrest Somaliland journalist
Jul 1, 2016
- Staff of Somaliland newspapers face charges
Apr 22, 2016
- In Somaliland, authorities order newspaper to close down
Mar 31, 2016
- Mission Journal: Fewer arrests but fear still lingers for Somaliland's press Apr 17, 2015
- Journalists arrested after covering protest in Somaliland
Nov 3, 2014
- Somaliland authorities arrest two journalists
May 12, 2014
- Somaliland authorities shut down independent papers
Apr 8, 2014
- Somaliland authorities ban international broadcaster
Feb 5, 2014
- Somaliland: Newspaper raided and shut down following corruption article. (11 Apr 2014)
- Police raid and shut down paper in Somaliland
Dec 16, 2013
- Human Right Challenges: Somaliland Facing Elections
17 Mar 2009
- HRW. "Somaliland: Fragile Democracy Under Threat: Electoral Crisis Underscores Broader Human Rights Concerns" (2009)
- HRW. "Hostages to Peace": Threats to Human Rights and Democracy in Somaliland (2009)
- Conditions in Hargeisa central prison (2005)
- Girl jailed for espionage released in Somaliland(2005)
- Status and (Human Rights) Obligations of Non-recognized De Facto Regimes in International Law: The Case of 'Somaliland.'
(2005)
- Report on Human Rights Familiarisation Tour to Somaliland(2005)
- UNCHR. Somalia and Somaliland: Supporting and Strengthening the Work of Somali Human Rights Defenders - A Workshop Report 1 Jul 2003
- Somaliland: Shadows of the Past As Human Rights Deteriorate 2003
- Amnesty International. "Amnesty visits Somaliland to run human rights workshop" (2001)
-
U.S. "Somaliland in Somalia Country Report on Human Rights Practices
(1998)
- Amnesty International. "Somaliland leader says he supports human rights" (1998)
- UNHCR. "Press Freedom Somaliland" (1997)
- Somaliland: Kill all but the crows part-2
- Somaliland: Kill All but the Crows-Al jazeera
- 42 Victims of Siyaad Barre Regime Exhumed, Reburied
- Kill All But The Crows, a documentary of the genocide in Somaliland 1988-video
- Somaliland: Investigators discover 17 bodies from old mass graves (Africanews.com) 2017
- Somaliland Opens 30-year-old Mass Graves From Civil War (voanews)
- Borgen project. "10 Facts about Isaaq Genocide" (2017)
- WashPost. "Genocide in Horn of Africa" (2016)
- Aljazeera. "Investigating genocide in Somaliland-2014 (2014)
- Minorities at Risk Project. "Chronology for Issaq in Somalia" (2004)
- "Isaaq genocide"-From Wikipedia
- Combat genocide. "Somalia Genocide-1988-1989"
-
UNHCR. "Mass Graves in Somaliland" (1997)
- UNHCHR. "Preliminary UN
assessment of mass graves in the vicinity of Hargeisa" (1997)
-
UNHCR. "Forensic report: Preliminary assessment of mass graves
in the vicinity of Hargeisa, Somalia"
(1997)
- UNHCHR. "Preliminary UN
assessment of mass graves in the vicinity of Hargeisa" (1997)
-
Simmone. Mass Graves Leave A Corner of Somalia Appealing for Justice". LA Times.
-
Maneker. "Shaky Peace Lets Northern Somalia Grow Without
International Aid.
-
Manekar. "Survivors Seek Justice in Somalia".
- Simmone. Mass Graves Leave A Corner of Somalia Appealing for Justice". LA Times.
- Manekar. "Survivors Seek Justice in Somalia".
- Press Reports on Mass graves.
- T.Dagne."Somalia:
A Country at War - Prospects for Peace(1992).
- C.Searle. "Agony and Struggle in Northern Somalia"
- MRG."Hargeisa: City Under Siege " & Somalia: A Nation
in Turmoil"
- U.S.GAO. "Somalia:Observations Regarding the Northern Conflict"
- R.Gersony."Why Somalis Flee: Conflict in Northern
Somalia", (1993)
- A.Neier." Bloody Somalia ", The Nation.
1988
- U.S Congress. "Reported Massacres and Indiscriminate Killings in Somalia
(1988)
- Saeed Sh.Mohammed. "Siyad's Vendetta against
the North. (1987)
- R.Greenfield."Somalia's Letter of Death".
New African(1987)
Promoting Free Expression
- Freedom of the Press | American Civil Liberties Union
- International press freedom Declarations
- International Declaration on the Protection of Journalists (May 11, 2016)
- Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression in Africa, 17 - 23 Oct, 2002: Banjul, The Gambia.
Advocacy Organizations
- Canadian Journalists for Free Expression
An advocacy organization that defends the rights of journalists and contributes to the development of media freedom worldwide.
- The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)
An advocacy organization that draws public attention to abuses against members of the press.
- International Federation of Journalists
An organization that promotes international action to defend press freedom and social justice through international trade unions for journalists.
- International Freedom of Expression Exchange (IFEX)
A coming together of International Freedom of Expression organizations to spotlight and combat abuses of press freedom.
A regional non-governmental organization based in Accra which defends and promotes media freedom in West Africa
- Reporters without Borders/Reporteurs Sans Frontiers (RSF) -
An association that spotlights abuses faced by journalists around the world.
- Amnesty International - A worldwide campaigning movement that works to promote all the human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international standards. In particular, Amnesty International campaigns to free all prisoners of conscience.
- Article 19 - a human rights organization with a specific mandate and focus on the defense and promotion of freedom of expression and freedom of information worldwide.
- Human Rights Watch - Human Rights Watch is dedicated to protecting the human rights of people around the world supporting victims and activists, investigating and exposing violations, holding abusers accountable and challenging governments to respect international human rights law.
- International PEN. It has 145 Centers in 104 countries across the globe".
- African Freedom of Expression Exchange (AFEX) - a continental network of the most prominent freedom of expression and media rights organisations in Africa.
- Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press An American nonprofit organization, founded in 1970, that provides free legal assistance to and on behalf of journalists.
Pan African Documents
- African Commisson on Human and Peoples' Rights
- Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression in Africa, 17 - 23 Oct, 2002: Banjul, The Gambia.
- "Draft Additional Protocol to the African
Charter on Human and Peoples Rights
" (1990)
-
"African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child" (1990)
-
"African [Banjul] Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights"(Oct. 21,1986)
-
"Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa" (1974)
- OAU."Charter of Organization of Africa" (May 1963)
United Nations Documents
- "The United Nations Charter"
-
"Convention on the Rights of the Child"(1990)
-
"ILO Declaration on fundamental principles and rights at work
"(1998)
- "International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"(1976)
- "Convention on the Political Rights of Women"
- "Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel...Punishment" (1985)
- "Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination
against Women" (1981)
-
"Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance
and of Discrimination Based on Religion" (1981)
-
"International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights"
(1976)
-
"Declaration on the Protection of Women and Children in Emergency
and Armed Conflict"(1974)
- "Declaration on Social Progress and Development"(1969)
- "International Convention on the Elimination of
All Forms of Racial Discrimination"(1969)
- "Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons" (1960)
- "Convention against Discrimination in Education" (1960)
- "Convention relating to the Status of Refugees" (1951)
- "Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of
Genocide" (1951)
- "Convention Concerning The ...Right to Organise and to Bargain Collectively" (1949)
- "Universal Declaration of Human Rights"(1948)
United States Documents
- U.S. human rights legislation
- U.S. State Department Human Rights Reports
- United States Bill of Rights, U.S. Const. amends. I-X.
- M.L. KING'S "I HAVE A DREAM" Speech - Aug. 28, 1963
- "The Original BILL OF RIGHTS of the United States" (1791)
- "Declaration of Independence in U.S. Congress" (July 4, 1776)
- "Consitution of the United States" (1776)
- The Atlantic Charter, Declaration of Principles, Aug. 14, 1941, U.S.- U.K., 55 Stat. app. 1603.
- French Declaration on the Rights of Man, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (Aug 26, 1789).
- United States Declaration of Independence, The Declaration of Independence (U.S. 1776).
- English Bill of Rights - 1689, An Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject, and Settling the Succession of the Crown (Bill of Rights)
Great Britain
- "The Magna Carta" (The Great Charter)
- "Laws of William The Conqueror (1060)
Europe
- European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI)
- "European Convention for Human Rights"
- "Declaration of The Rights of Man And of The Citizen" (1789)
- The Human Rights of Women: A Reference Guide to official United Nations Documents
- Resolution 1960 (2010) [on women and peace and security], Adopted by the UNSC on 16 Dec 2010
- Resolution 1888 (2009) [on acts of sexual violence against civilians in armed conflicts], Adopted by UNSC on 30 Sept 2009
- Resolution 1820 (2008) [on women and peace and security], Adopted by UNSC on 19 June 2008
- Resolution 2005/31 on Mainstreaming a Gender Perspective Into All Policies and Programmes in the United Nations System, Adopted by the UNESC on 26 July 2005
- Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, 15 Nov 2000
- Resolution 1325 (2000) [on women and peace and security], Adopted by UNSC on 31 Oct 2000
- Agreed Conclusions 1997/2, Adopted by the UNESC on 18 July 1997
- Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women, General Assembly resolution A/RES/48/104, 20 Dec 1993
- Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, 18 Dec 1979, and its Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (6 Oct 1999)
- Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, General Assembly resolution A/RES/2263, 7 Nov 1967
- Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages, 7 Nov 1962
- Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others, 2 Dec 1949
Legal Documents Related to Children
- Convention on the Rights of the Child (20 Nov 1989, entry into force on 2 Sept 1990) and its Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (25 May 2000, entry into force on 12 FEB 2002) and Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography (25 May 2000, entry into force on 18 Jan 2002)
- Convention on the Protection of children against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse, Council of Europe, CETS 201, 12 July 2007, entry into force on 1 July 2010
- Resolution 2005/20 on Guidelines on Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime, Adopted by the UN Economic and Social Council on 22 July 2005
- Resolution 1612 (2005) on Children and Armed Conflict, Adopted by the UNSC S/RES/1612 (2005), on 26 July 2005
- Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, 15 Nov 2000, entry into force on 25 Dec 2003
- Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, ILO, C182, 17 June 1999
- United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of Their Liberty, Adopted by the UN General Assembly, A/RES/45/113, 14 Dec 1990
- African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, CAB/LEG/24.9/49 (1990), 11 July 1990
Freedom Of Religion
- International standards on freedom of religion or belief - OHCHR
- Your Right to Religious Freedom | American Civil Liberties Union
- "Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance
and of Discrimination Based on Religion" (1981)
FGM
- Female Genital Mutilation (FGM): Legal Prohibitions Worldwide (Reproductiverights.org)
- I. Laws/Enforcement in Countries where FGM is Commonly Practiced (State.gov)
- "In Re Kasinga: Asylum Hearing of Potential FGM Victim
" (1969)
Civil Liberties
- "Universal Declaration of Human Rights"(1948)
- "International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"(1976)
-
"International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights"
(1976)
- "African [Banjul] Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights"(Oct. 21,1986)
- "Declaration on Social Progress and Development"(1969)
- "Draft Additional Protocol to the African
Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights
" (1990)
Refugee Rights
- New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants, adopted in Sept 2016
-
General Assembly Resolutions related to international migration (09 MAY 2016)
-
Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development (A/RES/69/313-17 AUG 2015)
- Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, 1001 U.N.T.S. 45, entered into force June 20, 1974.
- "Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons" (1960)
- "Convention relating to the Status of Refugees" (1951)
Humanitarian Law and Statelessness
- ICRC. "Armed conflicts linked to the disintegration of State structures
" (1989)
General Links
- AI. "Ten Ways to Repress a Journalist" (May 3, 2013)
- CPJ page on Somalia/Somaliland
- Millennium Development Goals and Human Rights
- Lifting the Spirit: Human Rights and Freedom of Religion or Belief
- Training Manual on Human rights Monitoring
- Freedom of Thought, Conscience, Religion, Opinion, Expression, Association and Assembly
- The Human Rights Education Handbook: Effective Practices for Learning, Action, & Change
- Freedom of Opinion and Expression. Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- OHCHR. The Right to Development as a Human Right
International Human Rights conventions
- The Ten Core International Human Rights conventions
This file was set up in 1996.